The Uncanny Valley: Issues in Computer Animation

Posted on 25th June 2004 by Ryan Somma in Geeking Out

The film Simone was a comedy about a computer-generated actress, but a live actress was used to play the part of the artificial. There was much speculation on this decision, from budget costs to Screen Actors Guild concerns influencing the decision, but the real answer was obvious. A computer-generated actress would scare the audience away.

To support this conclusion, I cite the film Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within. This entirely computer-generated film created a buzz that a new era in film production was at hand, one where live actors would soon be replaced with lifelike computer-puppets. The film’s previews helped promote this speculation. In the glimpses we had of the characters, they looked flesh and blood, indistinguishable from real-life.

Yet, subjected to an hour and a half of scrutiny, the characters failed to convince. What went wrong? Each time I examine the film, I cannot put my finger on it. The skin and clothing seems to perfectly mimic real life. Each strand of hair blows like real hair. The characters can imitate the full range of human emotions. They run, jump, and kiss like live action, but they are not human. They are doppelgangers, almost disturbing in their attempt to mirror real flesh and blood.

This phenomenon is known as the “Uncanny Valley” effect, discovered by roboticist Doctor Masashiro Mori. The Uncanny Valley deals with the appeal of an artificial being, either robotic or computer animated. The more “human” the creation, the more appealing it becomes to the viewer. This is apparent in the anthropomorphism used in films such as Finding Nemo or Toy Story; however, there is a point when the creation too closely resembles a human and goes from being appealing or lovable to grotesque or artificial. The creation’s non-human aspects become exaggerated, all the more noticeable because of its failed attempt to imitate humanity.

Creatures from this realm so closely resemble real life that their imperfections stand out all the more, making them grotesque and visually unappealing. Because of this phenomenon, Directors and Special Effects teams must work carefully not to trigger this viewer response.

Navigating the “Uncanny Valley”

At first glance, the second Matrix film, Re-Loaded appears to blend live action into computer animation so well as to switch between Keanue Reeves’ and his animated counterpart seamlessly. Closer viewing will trigger an Uncanny Valley response. In the complex fight scenes, when the action becomes impossible for a live actor, a “stunt double” appears to take over, looking almost perfectly like Keanue Reeves, but obviously not him.

The effect works initially for the same reason magic tricks succeed. The action is swift and brief. The Director does not allow the audience opportunity to scrutinize it. Thus, a suspension of disbelief is maintained. This is the same reason Final Fantasy appeared effective in previews, but not in theaters. The more we watch the Matrix’s fight scene, the stranger the main character appears.

Another set of films that would seem to almost certainly evoke an Uncanny Valley response are the Lord of the Rings Trilogy. The most powerful effect in this film being the character Gollum. That something so realistic can fail to trigger the revulsion response in the audience would, at first, seem to be an example of overcoming the barriers Final Fantasy fell victim to. Gollum’s performance was so persuasive, in fact, that many people wondered if it could qualify for a Best Actor award.

Roger Ebert refuted such speculation simply. Gollum could not compete, because Gollum was not human. This is the reason the effect worked so well. We do not hold monsters to the same level of realism as we do human beings. They are monsters and therefore cannot fall into the Uncanny Valley, because they are not attempting to mimic anything in real life.

The incredible special effects achievements of films like The Matrix, Lord of the Rings, and the new Star Wars trilogy is that they do not create animated humans, but competently place humans in animated settings. Such a technique is effective enough not to trigger an unnatural response in the audience, so a new application of it has emerged: placing late actors in new environments.

Raising the Dead

The irony of the Uncanny Valley, is that when we take a dead actor and place them in a new setting by manipulating their old film footage, we are not disturbed. Fred Astair dances with a vacuum. Judy Garlan interacts with M&M’s. John Wayne and Humphrey Bogart hang out in beer commercials.

The classic question, since before this practice began, has been to ask how these late actors and actresses would feel about endorsing these products? The owners of the icons’ images are the decision makers in this respect. Whoever inherited Elvis’ estate has the power to choose how it shall be used.

So we see that live actors are no different than Mickey Mouse. They are treated as creations, a product. Their iconography can be sold and manipulated freely as the copyright-holder permits. Beyond the realm of copyright expiration, when these icons enter the public domain, remains an issue for the future.

There are ethical questions about such a system, but they are not within the realm of this essay. My purpose is merely to illustrate the blurred lines between reality and creation that our film society has created.

From its beginnings, the purpose of animation is to exceed human possibility. Animated characters can do the superhuman, exist in other dimensions, and engage issues our reality does not currently permit. As the lines between fact and illusion in our media blur, the day we might actually overcome the Uncanny Valley holds incredible consequences.

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Futurism: Scientific Prophecy

Posted on 20th June 2004 by Ryan Somma in Ionian Enchantment

In the Old Testament’s book of Deuteronomy, God lays out a very simple method for determining if someone is a false prophet: Does what they predict come true? Science predicts that if you smoke, you are more likely to get cancer. Science predicts that the Earth will take 365.25 days to revolve around the sun. Science predicts that the apple will accelerate at 9.8 m/s/s to the ground if you drop it.


Science has foretold many of our modern discoveries. Pointing to a gap in the Evolutionary Tree, the Scientist describes what will probably be found there and where. Then it comes true. So many fossils in the neighboring branches of Homo Sapiens were found because Science told Paleontologists where to look, and what to look for.


As I write this, Gravity Probe B has taken orbit around the Earth. It will test one of Einstein’s theories made 45 years ago. Just last year, the Nobel prize was awarded to the inventor of the Einstein-Bose state of matter, also created out of Einstein’s theories. Thus, Scientists from a half-century ago direct our purposes today. Just as Scientists today theorize the directions of tomorrow.


Science predicts the future.


Through Empirical observations and deductive reasoning, Scientists prophesize what tomorrow will look like with more accuracy than any psychic or scripture. These go beyond the predictions of biology, chemistry, physics, and the other Natural Sciences. They encompass the Historical Sciences as well. The lessons we take from our ancestors are an easily begotten Wisdom, bypassing the harsh tutor of experience.


Understanding History, the Natural World, and other bodies of knowledge allows us to speculate on what tomorrow will bring. Envisioning the future is mere Science Fiction to some, but there are others who take it much more seriously. These are the Futurists.

What is Futurism?

Many of us are raised with the notion that Science Fiction is merely fanciful and escapist, failing to address the human condition. One need only look to the mountains of flighty SF like Star Wars, Flash Gordon, The Fifth Element, Alien, and other films concerned solely with entertainment value, forsaking the possibility of leaving a lasting message.


Yet much of today’s world was anticipated in Science Fiction. Jules Verne predicted a voyage to the Moon. William Gibson predicted the Information Revolution. Computers, nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and robotics were all predicted by Science Fiction authors, but how significant were their predictions?


The answer to that question depends on where we look. If we look to when these books were written and then rank their importance influencing the invention of the things they prophesy, we won’t find much. Verne’s “Voyage to the Moon,” where a capsule fired from a cannon was the means of transportation, was a far cry from the complex Rocket Science that eventually succeeded in making the journey.


What Verne’s book did accomplish was to plant the seed in people’s minds. He got people to look up at the night sky and see it with fresh eyes, a new perspective. His work inspired readers to fantasize about the possibility of space travel.


This is the purpose of Futurism, Science Fiction that rises above sheer entertainment value, affecting the present with their inspirational visions. I like the following quote as a way of describing its approach:

“Infinite Gratitude to all things Past.

Infinite Service to all things Present.

Infinite Responsibility to all things Future.”

– Zen Saying

In the above example, “Voyage to the Moon”, we saw a futuristic vision meant to inspire, but Futurism also takes another approach, a cautionary one. Films like Soylent Green or books like “1984” present terrifying visions of futures that are entirely possible. They warn of environmental catastrophes, totalitarian societies, genetically engineered monstrosities, all within the realm of reason. These tales portray the consequences of a society that does not remain aware and vigilant.


Using history as a means of predicting trends and the body of Natural Science as a means of predicting effects, we may speculate on the future with some degree of accuracy. By keeping both the past and future in our vision, we may make informed choices about our present. “If you don’t go far enough back in memory or far enough ahead in hope, your present will be impoverished.” – Ed Lindaman, Futurist

Great Futurists

These are merely four examples of great futurist works. More appear each day in our bookstores and theaters, and there are endless works already in our collective body of knowledge waiting to be rediscovered:


Cautionary Tales

HG Wells, The Time Machine


A cautionary tale about the ultimate end result of Class Divisions. In the future, the Wealthy have evolved into physically and mentally weak beings, while the Labor Class have evolved into monsters living below ground, coming out each night to feed on the feeble humans above.


While we cannot imagine Wells’ vision coming to fruition anymore, his novel served as apt social commentary for his time. It reduced his modern, civilized society to a primitive state, where the hierarchy becomes reversed. The book is still chilling, taking us to the end of the Earth’s time and back again, providing us a warning about falling into stasis and the need for growth.


George Orwell, 1984


One of the most powerful warnings of a Totalitarian future, George Orwell predicted many of the rhetorical techniques abused by today’s politicians and pundits to control how we think. He also portrays the abuse of surveillance technology, another issue society grapples with more and more each day. We have seen Orwell’s bleak future play out in North Korea, but he was more concerned with how easily free societies could fall into the trap of “Big Brother.”


While the title may suggest a vision that never came to light, the significance of the year “1984” in the book is even greater following its passing. In the world Orwell describes, no one knows what year it is. Some characters assume it is 1984, but their memories are so muddled that last year might have been 1984 also. As media and government find more powerful ways to influence us, this book seems more important than ever.


Inspiring Tales


Star Trek


Star Trek presents a positive view of the future. A Utopian balance of Democratic Principles, Communitarianism, Egalitarianism, and Moderation. A society where all work for the common good because it inspires us to do so. The original series was groundbreaking for the 1960s, because it included a mixture of races and genders in the main cast. The science is often deus ex machina, but the Social Commentary is often very significant and thoughtful.


If anyone doubts the positive effects of the Start Trek vision on society, one need only look to the fans. The documentary Trekkies surveyed this cultural phenomenon and revealed a world of individuals pursuing a wide variety of intellectual pursuits inspired by the Star Trek universe.


David Brin, The Uplift Saga


A visionary series of novels that take place in a distant future, with a sort of intergalactic United Nations. Patron races “uplift” more primitive races into sentience. War and oppression are not eradicated, but are tempered through a complex bureaucracy of rules and oversight.


Brin believes in Egalitarianism, Democracy, Reason, all the virtues of Science and they come out splendidly in his books. They are portrayed as a struggle, as Democracy always is, and Reason will always succeed, ultimately, just not always the way we expect it. These books are another portrayal of a positive future, achieved through the Virtues of reason.


There are more authors: Michael Crighton, Margaret Attwood, Stanislaw Lem, Greg Bear, Arthur C. Clarke, Carl Sagan, William Gibson, Ray Bradbury, Aldous Huxley, Mary Shelly, Charlie Kaufman, Phillip K. Dick, Kurt Vonnegut Jr… Not all Science Fiction need be Futurist in order to garner respect. All sub-genres have their merits. For the purposes of fostering a Futurist mindfulness, the most intelligent and thought provoking visions stand above the rest.

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The Commute

Posted on 13th June 2004 by Ryan Somma in Adventuring

Spring

Route 17 is a winding single lane road that spans the sixty-three miles between my home and work. The great Dismal Swamp lays to one side of it and endless farmland on the other. There’s a sign as you head south into North Carolina. It reads, “Warning: 25 People have died on this road since 1988. Drive Carefully.”



The accident was inevitable, with as many hours as I spend on the road I was bound to screw up at some point. In a year of driving to work that damn drawbridge was never up. My poor little Honda civic hatchback got pulverized against the bumper of a dodge pickup.


“So you’re going to start riding a motorcycle,” my girlfriend said, shaking her head, “Why? So you can be sure to die the next time?”


There were a lot of practical reasons for getting the bike. It was fuel efficient, 57 miles to the gallon. I could pay the bike off in a few months, just in time for my contract with the Coast Guard to run out. The insurance was cheap. It was easy to maintain. In these times of economic uncertainty, it was a wise choice.


“You just think it’s cool.”


There was that too.


“What are you going to do when it rains?” she asked.


“I can deal with rain,” I tell her. I had just finished reading Misuyuki’s “Five Rings”, “The Samurai does not run through the rain, but accepts his drenching with dignity.” I paraphrased.


“I’m telling your mother,” she replied.





The first week was thrilling. 65 MPH feels completely different when you aren’t isolated from the elements in the armor of a car. The rushing wind felt as though it were trying to rip me off the handlebars. It pressed my helmet against my face so there was an imprint on my forehead when I got to work.


My commute became invigorating. The brisk spring air every morning woke me up. The physical exertion involved got my blood pumping. The thrill of the ride energized me and filled me with confidence to face my day. I was a road warrior.





“Are you all right?”


I rolled onto my side to look at the concerned old man, who wasn’t quite concerned enough to get out of his car to come over and check on me.


“Ouch,” I gasped and pushed the helmet off. I managed to catch some of the breath that was knocked out of me and, embarrassed, I assured him, “Yeah. I’m fine.”


“Okay then,” he smiled and waved, driving away.


I sat up, sending lighting bolts of pain through my chest and back. I had just learned an important lesson about motorcycle riding: two wheels have less traction than four. When combined with the lesson learned in my teenage years: rain makes roads slippery. Then using the pain as negative reinforcement, I modified my behaviors to take turns more slowly in the future so as not to get slammed into the pavement.





Safe motorcycle riding is all about positioning yourself on the road. Most of the time that’s easy, slightly left or right of middle. When I hit 17 it’s a constant conundrum. If I stay to the left, closer to the inside lane, people are likely to see me, but it also makes them more likely to take me out in a head on collision.


The cars and trucks whoosh by me at 65mph, add my 65mph to this and I’ll be transformed into a fine red mist at 140 mph should someone fuck up. It’s easy to do. There’s only a few feet of maneuvering room between those yellow lines. We’ve all had that moment of inattentiveness on a long trip. The mind wanders, you see something to pull your eyes off the road for just a second, long enough to cross that line briefly before jerking back onto the road.


I suddenly felt like I was walking a tightrope.





Spring was invigorating anyway. The grass turning green, the buds of leaves on the trees. The tiny insects swarming in the morning mist, becoming plastered to my helmet and jacket. The sun coming over the horizon lights up miles of farmland on my left. This time of year they’re growing wheat. That’s an amazing sight as the wind rolls over those endless fields. I now know what they mean by “amber waves of grain”.





I hit seventeen one morning and the fog is so thick I can’t see more than twenty feet ahead of me. Should I slow down? If I do will the cars behind me have time to slow down as well? What if I come upon stopped traffic in the fog? There will be nowhere to go on that single lane road. I have the swamp and oncoming traffic to choose from.


I decide to take my chances with traffic behind and slow down, just in time too. As I come upon a row of stopped semis in the fog. I squint my eyes to see what’s happening, as if the problem were with my eyes and not the humidity. I see blue flashing light and the sillouette of a police officer waves me over. When I reach her, I think I can see red flashing lights further ahead.


“The road’s cloased,” she tells me, “Go back and take 168.”


I nod and u-turn back into the fog. The next day I look for signs of the accident, but cannot find any. For the first time I notice three wreaths and two crosses along the side of the road, memorials. Markers of accidents where people lost their lives, only a few feet away in the trees.





It’s impossible to be productive while you’re riding. I tried music, NPR, books on tape, learning other languages. No matter what my mind wandered elsewhere and I’d forget what was going on on the headphones. It was frustrating.


There was also the issue of posture. Slouch, straighten, stretch out the legs, set them on the pegs. My kidneys hurt. Wiggle the fingers. Rotate the neck. I was in a constant battle to keep the muscles from aching.


I keep telling myself I’m going to quit soon. Just gotta pay off that credit card debt, get that new computer, then my life will be complete and I can go work some landscaping job. I’m not in love with web design, it’s just a job. I’ll quit this fall, after I’ve saved some safety net funds.


Summer

I keep meaning to start a count of the road kill I see on the commute. The cats, dogs, squirrels, possums, various birds, badgers, raccoons, snakes, groundhogs, and unidentifiable lumps of meat and fur waiting to be shoveled off the road. I wonder what the road would look like if each one of them got a cross or bouquet of flowers?





The bugs are bigger in the summer. They hit my gloved hands, leaving stinging spots, sometimes welts. They ping off my helmet, leaving streaks of clear and green bug juice. One hits the vent on my helmet and sprays goo into my mouth as it splatters. Another day a bee gets under my helmet and buzzes back and forth before my nervous eyes until I can pull over and let him out.





The summer heat is oppressive. I bought a new jacket with vents and material that breaths. I stopped wearing my leather chaps. I bought a pair of prescription sunglasses.


Nothing stops the sweat. It soaks the inside of my helmet. It rolls down my neck, my back, down my sides from my pouring armpits. All the fabric clings to me, insulating. Every time I stop, the heat from the asphalt mixes with the heat from my engine to create a sauna. Only speed relieves it, the wind rushing over my body, cooling it.





The thick, gray haze hanging over the roadway looks just like fog, but that’s impossible, it’s 95-degrees out and midafternoon. When I enter the haze I realize from the overwhelming smell of hickory, I’ve ridden into a forest fire. My eyes don’t sting from the smoke and I don’t start coughing like I would expect. I simply cannot see more than twenty feet ahead, so I slow down and carefully navigate this winter-wonder-wasteland.


Black ash floats in the air, like some bizarro world twist on snow. They spin and dance in the gray haze. It would seem beautiful if I did not feel like I was riding through a disaster area.


These fires are common in this rural town, in the summer, when the weather gets dry and the foliage turns brown. They are allowed to run their course, so long as they don’t endanger anyone’s property. This one burns for a week. Each day I ride through it, and smell like a campfire for the rest of the day.





25 people dead since 1988. That’s about 2 people a year. You figure at least 10,000 people drive road every year, those are good odds. You figure I spend 2.5 hours a day on it, a little more than five percent of the year and the odds get a little worse. You factor in the fact that I drive it at the most congested times of day and they get worse still. There’s also the fact that I’ve already had an accident this year, so statistically speaking, I shouldn’t have another one; but then I also think about the fact that the accident might have been because I am a higher risk driver, my insurance company would certainly agree with that. Can you tell I have a lot of time to meditate on these things?


Fall

October came, but I wasn’t able to quit my job. I was getting married and the mortgage payment was too much to manage on a landscaper’s wages. I owe, I owe, so off to work I go.


Black skid marks appear on the road and I wonder what their story is. They swerve from the right lane into the left, back to the right and then off the road. I imagine the car, like I’m a forensics investigator. Except I can’t even decide what kind of a car to imagine. A mini-van? A compact car? A few moments later the thought is gone and I become hypnotized by the road again.


Everyone hates rubber necking, but everybody does it. I don’t slow down much for the accident on the opposite side of the road, but I do look. In the strobing red-blue and glaring spotlights I catch a glimpse of an old pickup truck with its front-end smashed through the passenger cabin. There is something laying on the street, in the shadows before the truck. The headlight of an oncoming car reveals it momentarily, and I am left wondering if I saw what I think I saw. I am deeply troubled for the next few days. I keep thinking about the speeding asphalt less than a foot beneath my feet, like sand paper ready to grind me up into what I think I saw.


A Tropical storm has moved on top of us during the day at work, down graded yesterday from a hurricane. Rolling in from the sea and into the mainland. I’m not worried. I click for one last glance at the weather. The map looks as though there is a miniature hurricane spinning on top of us. I zip up my leathers and wave goodbye to my coworkers.

The ride home that afternoon was a battle. Blasts of wind fought to strip me off the bike, and tried to knock it over whenever I stopped. At one point I loosened my grip on the throttle and a severe gust blew my arm off the handle grip and twisted me halfway off the bike. I wasn’t even twenty minutes into the ride and my neck was already fatigued from fighting the wind.

Then it all disappeared, the rain, the wind, the struggle. I was riding in sunlight under a clear brown sky. I looked around me and saw storm clouds surrounding in all directions as far as the eye could see. Suddenly a tidbit of information from Elementary School actually became useful. This was the legendary eye of the storm.

Wind and rain blasted me again moments later, but they did not feel overwhelming. Suddenly the thousands of miles of commuting felt justified. As if I wasn’t driving to and from work, but traveling toward that moment, that momentary experience.

It wore off the next morning.


I read about the accident that morning when I got to work. It must have happened shortly after I passed through, but 17 was closed and would be for most of the day. Two semi’s had collided head on. There was no picture with the article on my yahoo news, so I am left with my imagination.

Road crews are still working furiously when I reach the accident scene that night. One lane is open and one cop waves me through, while the other stops oncoming traffic. He pushes his hands in a downward motion for me to slow down.

I realize my imagination has nothing on whatever actually happened here. There are construction vehicles still loading blackened wreckage into the backs of dump trucks. There is sand everywhere, and where there isn’t, there is charred asphalt. The next day there are new road signs before the location of the accident warning “Rough Asphalt”. The road is black and rough from the fire that scalded off the top layer. There are numerous gouges everywhere and two long gouges that run for some 30 yards. Like the rubber marks that lead off the road. I wonder about the story behind these marks, unlike those rubber marks, these scars will not heal for a long time.


Winter

It seems like my whole world is darkness. Darkness when I leave home in the morning, darkness when I come home at night. There are no windows in my office. This is what it must feel like to be an astronaut traveling to Mars.

Not that there is anything to see. Barren trees standing up in the bog. Knobby things, twisted and gray all tangled up with each other. The farms have all burned their fields into ash to renourish the soil, and now there is only vast plains of mud. These sights are only slightly better than the darkness.

It’s 30-degrees outside. With the wind-chill factor, going 70mph on my bike, it feels like 15. When I hit Route 17, and enter the Dismal Swamp, it will be even worse.


When I park my bike, the act of setting my foot down on the ground sends little knives of pain up my heel. I slowly dismount my trusty steed and hobble into work. I keep a cardigan at my desk now and I wrap up in this, sipping coffee as I begin my day.
Everyone asks me the usual, “How’d you like that cold coming in this morning?” I want to scream, and today someone adds, “I used to ride a bike. I think if I ever want to feel the wind blowing through my hair again, I’ll buy a convertible.”


The brown haze of distant city lighting peeks over the horizon. Somewhere out there, beyond these endless miles of country darkness was my home. I could not say how far, the country all looks the same when it’s pitch black. Did I pass that bend in the road with the white house on the right? What about that cellphone tower in the farmer’s field?

I can’t feel my hands, my feet. They stung for awhile, but are now no more. I take turns reaching each hand under the gas tank to warm it against the engine. It brings relief, before I let the wind chill sting and numb again.
The vents on my helmet are closed. A black scarf wraps around my neck, over my face and down into my leather jacket. It took three scarves to learn how to wrap it so it would not unravel and fly off my neck.

Just below my jacket and chaps I wear a rain coat, below that a pair of sweats and a flannel. Below that is my button up shirt and kakis. A t-shirt and thermal underwear is my last line of defense. The cold has worked its way through all of them, and my muscles have tensed in an attempt to keep the chill from robbing them of their precious heat.

I pull all of this gear off once inside my house, throwing the jacket and chaps across the radiator in the living room. The stack of bills on the coffee table reminds me why I endure this. I am a samurai, now the samurai must take a long, hot shower to rejuvenate himself and work the chill out of his bones.


One day, while I’m riding home, meditating, I think of my commute as a metaphor for life. With spring being youth, all new and refreshing, and age being winter, vapid and confusing. Wouldn’t that make a cool sort of symbolism? I hope I can remember to write it down when I get home.


Out of everything, the fatigue, back pains, time wasted, the worst is the hypnosis. The worthless time wasted not listening to the radio, not thinking about the issues of the day, not even daydreaming. Time lost, that is all. Time I came out of wondering where I’ve been for the last uncountable minutes. It’s like reading a book half-asleep. Your eyes scan the pages, but your mind is elsewhere. Then you realize in disappointment that you haven’t actually read the last five or six pages. I want those moments of my life back.


The new year came and went. Spring was around the corner, but never arriving fast enough. I was 5% more valuable to my employer. I was married, had a house, 365 days closer to achieving my dream of immortality. 35,000 more miles of wear and tear. 50+ road kills. 780 gallons of gas. 11 oil changes. Fifteen more pounds of waistline. 121 shavings. 78 loads of laundry. 1095 bits of good advice. 547.5 bits of bad. 10,000 memories. 58 life lessons. 3 new friends. 14 acquaintances. 650 hours commuting.

How do you measure a year?

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Scientism 2.0

Posted on 6th June 2004 by Ryan Somma in Ionian Enchantment

What does all of this add up to? All of these observations of the world around us. All of these hypotheses we draw out of them. The ways we test these hypothesis, through experimentation and disputation. The theories that emerge from the Scientific Process.


The Free Market of Ideas. Peer reviews. Egalitarianism. Pluralism. Predicting the future. The truth with a lower-case “t.” Empiricism and Voracity. Evolution, improving the Body, Mind, and Spirit. Trancending the present states of all of these things for improved versions. Objectivity. Equivocation. Futurism. Transhumanism. Chemistry. Newtonian Physics. Biology. Microbiology. Organic Chemistry. Quantum Physics. Historical Methodology. Mathematics. Quantification. Ethics, Virtues, and Vision. IAAMOAC!!! Chaos Theory. Entropy — WHAT IS ALL OF THIS???


Science

When we look at the world around us, the way it is based on the facts, drawing speculations and conclusions about the nature of existence and our purposes here, we employ Science. When we work together to find the common truth that we all share, that’s Science. All of our books in all of our libraries, the summation of all our common, disputable knowledge–Science.


Science is Democratic; a constant process of disputation determines its content. Science is Egalitarian, all ideas require equal consideration. Science is a Free Market; the better ideas will survive the tests of time. Science is Communitarian; we all share the same truth. Science is a process, a body of knowledge, a philosophy of mind, an attitude. Science encompasses all things, even those things it does not yet encompass, because Science seeks not only the known unknown, but the unknown unknown as well. Science is a journey. Not knowing the destination is half the fun.


There is a word to describe the set of beliefs, the virtues and ethics that an individual attempting to follow this path may subscribe to, but it is not a new word. It is a word much reviled in today’s lexicon, because the early scientists, with blind assertions and fundamentalism, created a stigma in the Marketplace of Ideas around it. The word is “Scientism,” and yet we have no better word to describe this worldview, so I propose a modifier:


Scientism 2.0


Why not? The scientific-minded predecessors had a primitive grasp of science and what it was capable of. We have a broader understanding of reality. We better comprehend the boundaries of the knowable, and our children and grandchildren will find us primitive as well. Even these core principles I and so many others have tried to establish will change with our understanding. So future generations can come up with better, revised versions 2.1, 2.2, 3.0, etc.


If religion can claim applications to all aspects of our lives, then Science may certainly also make such a daring claim, especially because Science, more than any other school of thought, actually does speak to all aspects of existence. From the tiniest sub-atomic particle to the entire universe and possibility of a multi-verse, Science encompasses everything. The Scientific Community must first revere the general philosophy of Science, and secondly focus on the minutiae of daily life.

Instead of Prophets, we have Exponents. Instead of Sermons, we have Lectures. We have no Preacher, no Authorities, but many Experts, Professors, Doctors, and others who give talks on their fields of study. Every Lecture followed with questions and disputation. Our sacred book is the library, the Internet, the sum of all existence.


Interested? Want to get involved? The best thing you can do is simply to start thinking in these directions. Read Carl Sagan, rent the “Cosmos” documentaries, join a scientific union, start taking Science to heart. Our Civilization will start to see the truth one mind at a time.


Help it along by focusing on your own mind.

Or not. I leave this open to disputation. The important thing is to promote discussion, for those who believe in the power of Science and have faith in Civilization, to communicate, dispute, and spread the word.

I will consider myself a practitioner of Scientism 2.0.

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